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The Direct Link Between Wholesale Gas Prices and Market Collapse Report Date: November 10, 2025 Analysis Period: July 2018 - November 2025 Total Suppliers Failed: 54 Total Customers Affected: 6,012,316 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Between 2018 and 2025, the UK energy market experienced an crisis that resulted in 54 energy suppliers ceasing operations, affecting over 6 million customers. The crisis was directly caused by a dramatic surge in wholesale gas prices that began in August 2021 and peaked in August 2022, with prices reaching £250/MWh - over 10 times higher than pre-crisis levels. Key Findings: 2021 was the crisis year: 28 suppliers (51.9% of all failures) collapsed in a single year November 2021 was the peak month: 11 suppliers failed affecting 1.88 million customers Bulb Energy was the largest casualty with 1.7 million customers Octopus Energy became the biggest beneficiary, acquiring 2.37 million customers 71.7% of all affected customers were impacted during 2021 alone 1. TOP ACQUIRING SUPPLIERS: WHO BENEFITED? When energy suppliers fail, Ofgem's "Supplier of Last Resort" process transfers customers to surviving companies. The table below shows which companies took on the most customers: Top 10 Acquiring Suppliers (2018-2025)









